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The AAPM/RSNA Physics Tutorial for Residents

Radiation Interactions and Internal Dosimetry in Nuclear Medicine

¹ Department of Radiology, St Luke's Medical Center, 2900 W Oklahoma Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53149.

View larger version (59K): [in a new window]   Figure 1.  Graph shows the range of electrons or beta particles as a function of the kinetic energy, E, of the particle. The linear range x (in centimeters) traveled by the electron in any medium is obtained by dividing the range from this graph by the density of the medium r (in grams per centimeter).

View larger version (48K): [in a new window]   Figure 2.  Graph shows the probabilities of transmission of 30- and 140-keV photons in water.

View larger version (10K): [in a new window]   Figure 3.  Diagram shows the mechanics of the photoelectric effect. KE = kinetic energy of the photoelectron.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Figure 4.  Diagram shows the mechanics of Compton scattering. e- = electron, KE = kinetic energy of the recoil electron.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Figure 5.  Graph shows the probabilities of coherent scattering, photoelectric effect, and Compton scattering interactions in water. E = photon energy, scatter = scattering.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Figure 6.  Graph shows the cumulated activity in the source organ, Ã, as the area under the time-activity curve.

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Figure 7a.  (a) Graph shows the time-activity curve for the case of constant activity in the source organ. Ã is then just the product of fA0 and the time of interest t. (b, c) Graphs show the activity in a source organ in which the activity is being removed exponentially over time, with effective half-time T1/2, by a combination of physical decay and biologic washout. In b, the cumulated activity over the limited time of interest, from 0 to t, is the area under the exponential curve. This area is given by the indicated equation. In c, the time of interest has been expanded to t , and the area under the whole exponential curve is given by 1.44fA0T1/2.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Figure 7b.  (a) Graph shows the time-activity curve for the case of constant activity in the source organ. Ã is then just the product of fA0 and the time of interest t. (b, c) Graphs show the activity in a source organ in which the activity is being removed exponentially over time, with effective half-time T1/2, by a combination of physical decay and biologic washout. In b, the cumulated activity over the limited time of interest, from 0 to t, is the area under the exponential curve. This area is given by the indicated equation. In c, the time of interest has been expanded to t , and the area under the whole exponential curve is given by 1.44fA0T1/2.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Figure 7c.  (a) Graph shows the time-activity curve for the case of constant activity in the source organ. Ã is then just the product of fA0 and the time of interest t. (b, c) Graphs show the activity in a source organ in which the activity is being removed exponentially over time, with effective half-time T1/2, by a combination of physical decay and biologic washout. In b, the cumulated activity over the limited time of interest, from 0 to t, is the area under the exponential curve. This area is given by the indicated equation. In c, the time of interest has been expanded to t , and the area under the whole exponential curve is given by 1.44fA0T1/2.