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DOI: 10.1148/rg.283075106
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RadioGraphics 2008;28:855-867
© RSNA, 2008

EDUCATION EXHIBIT

Rare Causes of Hematuria Associated with Various Vascular Diseases Involving the Upper Urinary Tract1

Noriaki Muraoka, MD, Toyohiko Sakai, MD, PhD, Hirohiko Kimura, MD, PhD, Hidemasa Uematsu, MD, PhD, Kazuya Tanase, MD, Osamu Yokoyama, MD, PhD, and Harumi Itoh, MD, PhD

1 From the Departments of Radiology (N.M., T.S., H.K., H.U., H.I.) and Urology (K.T., O.Y.), University of Fukui, 23 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan. Presented as an education exhibit at the 2006 RSNA Annual Meeting. Received May 9, 2007; revision requested July 10 and received September 7; accepted September 18. All authors have no financial relationships to disclose. Address correspondence to N.M. (e-mail: nmuraoka{at}u-fukui.ac.jp).

Hematuria is a commonly encountered symptom of a wide spectrum of diseases, including calculi, tumors, and vascular abnormalities. In rare cases, hematuria is caused by life-threatening vascular diseases. When hematuria is encountered, physicians sometimes fail to include vascular diseases in the differential diagnosis because of their rare association with hematuria. Likewise, radiologists often fail to do so because of the low frequency of occurrence of these diseases. Multidetector computed tomography performed with the bolus injection technique should be the first-line diagnostic test when vascular disease is suspected. Radiologists should be familiar with the various imaging findings of hematuria caused by vascular disease. They should also be familiar with the management options (including endovascular techniques) for hematuria caused by vascular disease, since in some cases affected patients can be treated with interventional procedures.

© RSNA, 2008






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