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Bowel Wall Thickening in Children: CT Findings¹

¹ From the Department of Radiology, Miami Children’s Hospital, 3100 SW 62nd Ave, Miami, FL 33155. Presented as an education exhibit at the 2005 RSNA Annual Meeting. Received October 9, 2006; revision requested November 9 and received August 20, 2007; accepted November 9. All authors have no financial relationships to disclose. Address correspondence to R.R. (e-mail: Ricardo.Restrepo{at}mch.com).

A wide variety of bowel diseases, some of which are unique to or more prevalent in pediatric patients, may manifest with intestinal wall thickening at computed tomography (CT). Common causes of bowel wall thickening include edema, hemorrhage, infection, graft-versus-host disease, and inflammatory bowel disease; more unusual causes include immunodeficiencies, lymphoma, hemangioma, pseudotumor, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Radiologists must be familiar with the CT signs of bowel disease and should take careful note of the bowel characteristics (eg, extent and distribution of disease involvement, bowel dilatation, mural stratification, perienteric findings) to generate an adequate differential diagnosis. The study should be tailored and optimized in advance according to the clinical scenario to decrease radiation exposure due to repeated or delayed scanning. With spiral CT scanners, studies can be performed quickly, thereby eliminating the need for sedation, and multiple reconstructed images can be generated. CT is an invaluable diagnostic tool in the evaluation of pediatric diseases involving the bowel, in spite of the use of ionizing radiation.

© RSNA, 2008