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Accessory Muscles: Anatomy, Symptoms, and Radiologic Evaluation¹

¹ From the Department of Medical Imaging, Royal London Hospital, London, England (P.A.S., R.J.); Joint Department of Medical Imaging of University Health Network and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst St, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 2S8 (A.M.N., R.R.B., L.M.W.); and Department of Medical Imaging, London Independent Hospital, London, England (O.C.). Recipient of a Certificate of Merit award for an education exhibit at the 2006 RSNA Annual Meeting. Received April 4; revision requested June 26 and received August 14; accepted October 3. All authors have no financial relationships to disclose. Address correspondence to A.M.N. (e-mail: ali.naraghi{at}uhn.on.ca).

A wide array of supernumerary and accessory musculature has been described in the anatomic, surgical, and radiology literature. In the vast majority of cases, accessory muscles are asymptomatic and represent incidental findings at surgery or imaging. In some cases, however, accessory muscles may produce clinical symptoms. These symptoms may be related to a palpable swelling or may be the result of mass effect on neurovascular structures, typically in fibro-osseous tunnels. In cases in which an obvious cause for such symptoms is not evident, recognition and careful evaluation of accessory muscles may aid in diagnosis and treatment.

© RSNA, 2008