RadioGraphics
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Submit a response
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Scatarige, J. C.
Right arrow Articles by Smathers, R. L.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Scatarige, J. C.
Right arrow Articles by Smathers, R. L.

RadioGraphics, Vol 10, 857-870, Copyright © 1990 by Radiological Society of North America

REVIEWS

Internal mammary lymphadenopathy: imaging of a vital lymphatic pathway in breast cancer

JC Scatarige, I Boxen and RL Smathers
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, DePaul Medical Center, Norfolk, VA 23505.

The prognostic significance of metastases to the internal mammary lymph nodes in patients with breast carcinoma has long been recognized. While ipsilateral dissection of axillary nodes remains a popular staging strategy for breast cancer, surgical sampling of the upper anterior intercostal spaces, a tedious procedure, has been largely abandoned. Diagnostic imaging of the parasternal lymphatic pathway is a useful and noninvasive alternative to surgical staging. This report reviews the pertinent regional anatomy and illustrates the criteria for diagnosing internal mammary lymphadenopathy by means of lateral chest radiography, computed tomography, high-resolution sonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy.




HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
RADIOGRAPHICS RADIOLOGY RSNA JOURNALS ONLINE
Copyright © 1990 by the Radiological Society of North America.